用SQL語句添加刪除修改字段 1.增加字段 alter table docdsp add dspcode char(200) 2.刪除字段 ALTER TABLE table_NAME DROP COLUMN column_NAME 3.修改字段類型 ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER COLUMN column_name new_data_type 4.sp_rename 改名 更改當前數據庫中用戶創(chuàng)建對象(如表、列或用戶定義數據類型)的名稱。 語法 sp_rename [ @objname = ] 'object_name' , [ @newname = ] 'new_name' [ , [ @objtype = ] 'object_type' ] 如:EXEC sp_rename 'newname','PartStock' 5.sp_help 顯示表的一些基本情況 sp_help 'object_name' 如:EXEC sp_help 'PartStock' 6.判斷某一表PartStock中字段PartVelocity是否存在 if exists (select * from syscolumns where id=object_id('PartStock') and name='PartVelocity') print 'PartVelocity exists' else print 'PartVelocity not exists' 另法: 判斷表的存在性: select count(*) from sysobjects where type='U' and name='你的表名' 判斷字段的存在性: select count(*) from syscolumns where id = (select id from sysobjects where type='U' and name='你的表名') and name = '你要判斷的字段名'
一個小例子 --假設要處理的表名為: tb --判斷要添加列的表中是否有主鍵 if exists(select 1 from sysobjects where parent_obj=object_id('tb') and xtype='PK') begin print '表中已經有主鍵,列只能做為普通列添加' --添加int類型的列,默認值為0 alter table tb add 列名 int default 0 end else begin print '表中無主鍵,添加主鍵列' --添加int類型的列,默認值為0 alter table tb add 列名 int primary key default 0 end
7.隨機讀取若干條記錄 Access語法:SELECT top 10 * From 表名 ORDER BY Rnd(id) Sql server:select top n * from 表名 order by newid() mysql select * From 表名 Order By rand() Limit n 8.說明:日程安排提前五分鐘提醒 SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff(minute,f開始時間,getdate())>5
9.前10條記錄 select top 10 * form table1 where 范圍
10.包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重復行而派生出一個結果表 (select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)
11.說明:隨機取出10條數據 select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()
12.列出數據庫里所有的表名 select name from sysobjects where type=U 13.列出表里的所有的字段名 select name from syscolumns where id=object_id(TableName) 14.說明:列示type、vender、pcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地實現多重選擇,類似select 中的case。 select type,sum(case vender when A then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when C then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when B then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type 15.說明:初始化表table1 TRUNCATE TABLE table1 16.說明:幾個高級查詢運算詞 A: UNION 運算符 UNION 運算符通過組合其他兩個結果表(例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2)并消去表中任何重復行而派生出一個結果表。當 ALL 隨 UNION 一起使用時(即 UNION ALL),不消除重復行。兩種情況下,派生表的每一行不是來自 TABLE1 就是來自 TABLE2。
17.說明:在線視圖查詢(表名1:a ) select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;
18.說明:between的用法,between限制查詢數據范圍時包括了邊界值,not between不包括 select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2 select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 數值1 and 數值2
19.說明:in 的使用方法 select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1','值2','值4','值6')
20.說明:兩張關聯(lián)表,刪除主表中已經在副表中沒有的信息 delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 ) 21. 說明:復制表(只復制結構,源表名:a 新表名:b) (Access可用) 法一:select * into b from a where 1>1 法二:select top 0 * into b from a
22.說明:拷貝表(拷貝數據,源表名:a 目標表名:b) (Access可用) insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
23.說明:跨數據庫之間表的拷貝(具體數據使用絕對路徑) (Access可用) insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具體數據庫' where 條件 例子:..from b in "Server.MapPath(".")"\data.mdb" " where.. 24.創(chuàng)建數據庫 CREATE DATABASE database-name
25.說明:刪除數據庫 drop database dbname 26.說明:備份sql server --- 創(chuàng)建 備份數據的 device USE master EXEC sp_addumpdevice disk, testBack, c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat
--- 開始 備份 BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack
27.說明:創(chuàng)建新表 create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..) 根據已有的表創(chuàng)建新表: A:create table tab_new like tab_old (使用舊表創(chuàng)建新表) B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only
28.說明: 刪除新表:drop table tabname
29.說明: 增加一個列:Alter table tabname add column col type 注:列增加后將不能刪除。DB2中列加上后數據類型也不能改變,唯一能改變的是增加varchar類型的長度。
31.說明: 創(chuàng)建索引:create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….) 刪除索引:drop index idxname 注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必須刪除重新建。
32.說明: 創(chuàng)建視圖:create view viewname as select statement 刪除視圖:drop view viewname
33.說明:幾個簡單的基本的sql語句 選擇:select * from table1 where 范圍 插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2) 刪除:delete from table1 where 范圍 更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范圍 查找:select * from table1 where field1 like '%value1%' ---like的語法很精妙,查資料! 排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc] 總數:select count * as totalcount from table1 求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1 平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1 最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1 最?。簊elect min(field1) as minvalue from table1
34.數據庫備份:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
USE DB_ndmspmasterdb; GO
declare @path varchar(500) set @path='D:\NDM_Data\DB_NDMSpMasterdb'+CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(), 105)+'.Bak' select @path
BACKUP DATABASE DB_ndmspmasterdb
TO DISK = @path WITH FORMAT, MEDIANAME = 'Z_SQLServerBackups', NAME = 'Full Backup of DB_ndmspmasterdb'; GO
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