在之前的版本中,Session存在于System.Web中,新版ASP.NET 5中由于不在依賴于System.Web.dll庫了,所以相應(yīng)的,Session也就成了ASP.NET 5中一個(gè)可配置的模塊(middleware)了。
配置啟用Session
ASP.NET 5中的Session模塊存在于Microsoft.AspNet.Session類庫中,要啟用Session,首先需要在project.json中的dependencies節(jié)點(diǎn)中添加如下內(nèi)容:
"Microsoft.AspNet.Session": "1.0.0-beta3"
然后在ConfigureServices中添加Session的引用(并進(jìn)行配置):
services.AddCaching(); // 這兩個(gè)必須同時(shí)添加,因?yàn)镾ession依賴于Caching
services.AddSession();
//services.ConfigureSession(null); 可以在這里配置,也可以再后面進(jìn)行配置
最后在Configure方法中,開啟使用Session的模式,如果在上面已經(jīng)配置過了,則可以不再傳入配置信息,否則還是要像上面的配置信息一樣,傳入Session的配置信息,代碼如下:
app.UseInMemorySession(configure:s => { s.IdleTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30); });
//app.UseSession(o => { o.IdleTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30); });
//app.UseInMemorySession(null, null); //開啟內(nèi)存Session
//app.UseDistributedSession(null, null);//開啟分布式Session,也即持久化Session
//app.UseDistributedSession(new RedisCache(new RedisCacheOptions() { Configuration = "localhost" }));
對于UseInMemorySession方法,接收2個(gè)可選參數(shù),分別是:IMemoryCache
可用于修改Session數(shù)據(jù)的默認(rèn)保存地址;ActionSessionOptions>
委托則可以讓你修改默認(rèn)選項(xiàng),比如Session cookie的路徑、默認(rèn)的過期時(shí)間等。本例中,我們修改默認(rèn)過期時(shí)間為30分鐘。
注意:該方法必須在app.UseMvc之前調(diào)用,否則在Mvc里獲取不到Session,而且會出錯(cuò)。
獲取和設(shè)置Session
獲取和設(shè)置Session對象,一般是在Controller的action里通過this.Context.Session
來獲取的,其獲取的是一個(gè)基于接口ISessionCollection
的實(shí)例。該接口可以通過索引、Set、TryGetValue等方法進(jìn)行Session值的獲取和設(shè)置,但我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在獲取和設(shè)置Session的時(shí)候,我們只能使用byte[]類型,而不能像之前版本的Session一樣可以設(shè)置任意類型的數(shù)據(jù)。原因是因?yàn)?,新版本的Session要支持在遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器上存儲,就需要支持序列化,所以才強(qiáng)制要求保存為byte[]
類型。所以我們在保存Session的時(shí)候,需要將其轉(zhuǎn)換為byte[]
才能進(jìn)行保存,并且獲取以后要再次將byte[]
轉(zhuǎn)換為自己的原有的類型才行。這種形式太麻煩了,好在微軟在Microsoft.AspNet.Http
命名空間(所屬Microsoft.AspNet.Http.Extensions.dll
中)下,為我們添加了幾個(gè)擴(kuò)展方法,分別用于設(shè)置和保存byte[]
類型、int
類型、以及string
類型,代碼如下:
public static byte[] Get(this ISessionCollection session, string key);
public static int? GetInt(this ISessionCollection session, string key);
public static string GetString(this ISessionCollection session, string key);
public static void Set(this ISessionCollection session, string key, byte[] value);
public static void SetInt(this ISessionCollection session, string key, int value);
public static void SetString(this ISessionCollection session, string key, string value);
所以,在Controller
里引用Microsoft.AspNet.Http
命名空間以后,我們就可以通過如下代碼進(jìn)行Session的設(shè)置和獲取了:
Context.Session.SetString("Name", "Mike");
Context.Session.SetInt("Age", 21);
ViewBag.Name = Context.Session.GetString("Name");
ViewBag.Age = Context.Session.GetInt("Age");
自定義類型的Session設(shè)置和獲取
前面我們說了,要保存自定義類型的Session,需要將其類型轉(zhuǎn)換成byte[]數(shù)組才行,在本例中,我們對bool類型的Session數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置和獲取的代碼,示例如下:
public static class SessionExtensions
{
public static bool? GetBoolean(this ISessionCollection session, string key)
{
var data = session.Get(key);
if (data == null)
{
return null;
}
return BitConverter.ToBoolean(data, 0);
}
public static void SetBoolean(this ISessionCollection session, string key, bool value)
{
session.Set(key, BitConverter.GetBytes(value));
}
}
定義bool類型的擴(kuò)展方法以后,我們就可以像SetInt/GetInt那樣進(jìn)行使用了,示例如下:
Context.Session.SetBoolean("Liar", true);
ViewBag.Liar = Context.Session.GetBoolean("Liar");
另外,ISessionCollection接口上還提供了Remove(string key)和Clear()兩個(gè)方法分別用于刪除某個(gè)Session值和清空所有的Session值的功能。但同時(shí)也需要注意,該接口并沒提供之前版本中的Abandon方法功能。
基于Redis的Session管理
使用分布式Session,其主要工作就是將Session保存的地方從原來的內(nèi)存換到分布式存儲上,本節(jié),我們以Redis存儲為例來講解分布式Session的處理。
先查看使用分布式Session的擴(kuò)展方法,示例如下,我們可以看到,其Session容器需要是一個(gè)支持IDistributedCache
的接口示例。
public static IApplicationBuilder UseDistributedSession([NotNullAttribute]this IApplicationBuilder app, IDistributedCache cache, ActionSessionOptions> configure = null);
該接口是緩存Caching的通用接口,也就是說,只要我們實(shí)現(xiàn)了緩存接口,就可以將其用于Session的管理。進(jìn)一步查看該接口發(fā)現(xiàn),該接口中定義的Set方法還需要實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)ICacheContext類型的緩存上下文(以便在調(diào)用的時(shí)候讓其它程序進(jìn)行委托調(diào)用),接口定義分別如下:
public interface IDistributedCache
{
void Connect();
void Refresh(string key);
void Remove(string key);
Stream Set(string key, object state, ActionICacheContext> create);
bool TryGetValue(string key, out Stream value);
}
public interface ICacheContext
{
Stream Data { get; }
string Key { get; }
object State { get; }
void SetAbsoluteExpiration(TimeSpan relative);
void SetAbsoluteExpiration(DateTimeOffset absolute);
void SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan offset);
}
接下來,我們基于Redis來實(shí)現(xiàn)上述功能,創(chuàng)建RedisCache
類,并繼承IDistributedCache
,引用StackExchange.Redis
程序集,然后實(shí)現(xiàn)IDistributedCache
接口的所有方法和屬性,代碼如下:
using Microsoft.Framework.Cache.Distributed;
using Microsoft.Framework.OptionsModel;
using StackExchange.Redis;
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace Microsoft.Framework.Caching.Redis
{
public class RedisCache : IDistributedCache
{
// KEYS[1] = = key
// ARGV[1] = absolute-expiration - ticks as long (-1 for none)
// ARGV[2] = sliding-expiration - ticks as long (-1 for none)
// ARGV[3] = relative-expiration (long, in seconds, -1 for none) - Min(absolute-expiration - Now, sliding-expiration)
// ARGV[4] = data - byte[]
// this order should not change LUA script depends on it
private const string SetScript = (@"
redis.call('HMSET', KEYS[1], 'absexp', ARGV[1], 'sldexp', ARGV[2], 'data', ARGV[4])
if ARGV[3] ~= '-1' then
redis.call('EXPIRE', KEYS[1], ARGV[3])
end
return 1");
private const string AbsoluteExpirationKey = "absexp";
private const string SlidingExpirationKey = "sldexp";
private const string DataKey = "data";
private const long NotPresent = -1;
private ConnectionMultiplexer _connection;
private IDatabase _cache;
private readonly RedisCacheOptions _options;
private readonly string _instance;
public RedisCache(IOptionsRedisCacheOptions> optionsAccessor)
{
_options = optionsAccessor.Options;
// This allows partitioning a single backend cache for use with multiple apps/services.
_instance = _options.InstanceName ?? string.Empty;
}
public void Connect()
{
if (_connection == null)
{
_connection = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect(_options.Configuration);
_cache = _connection.GetDatabase();
}
}
public Stream Set(string key, object state, ActionICacheContext> create)
{
Connect();
var context = new CacheContext(key) { State = state };
create(context);
var value = context.GetBytes();
var result = _cache.ScriptEvaluate(SetScript, new RedisKey[] { _instance + key },
new RedisValue[]
{
context.AbsoluteExpiration?.Ticks ?? NotPresent,
context.SlidingExpiration?.Ticks ?? NotPresent,
context.GetExpirationInSeconds() ?? NotPresent,
value
});
// TODO: Error handling
return new MemoryStream(value, writable: false);
}
public bool TryGetValue(string key, out Stream value)
{
value = GetAndRefresh(key, getData: true);
return value != null;
}
public void Refresh(string key)
{
var ignored = GetAndRefresh(key, getData: false);
}
private Stream GetAndRefresh(string key, bool getData)
{
Connect();
// This also resets the LRU status as desired.
// TODO: Can this be done in one operation on the server side? Probably, the trick would just be the DateTimeOffset math.
RedisValue[] results;
if (getData)
{
results = _cache.HashMemberGet(_instance + key, AbsoluteExpirationKey, SlidingExpirationKey, DataKey);
}
else
{
results = _cache.HashMemberGet(_instance + key, AbsoluteExpirationKey, SlidingExpirationKey);
}
// TODO: Error handling
if (results.Length >= 2)
{
// Note we always get back two results, even if they are all null.
// These operations will no-op in the null scenario.
DateTimeOffset? absExpr;
TimeSpan? sldExpr;
MapMetadata(results, out absExpr, out sldExpr);
Refresh(key, absExpr, sldExpr);
}
if (results.Length >= 3 results[2].HasValue)
{
return new MemoryStream(results[2], writable: false);
}
return null;
}
private void MapMetadata(RedisValue[] results, out DateTimeOffset? absoluteExpiration, out TimeSpan? slidingExpiration)
{
absoluteExpiration = null;
slidingExpiration = null;
var absoluteExpirationTicks = (long?)results[0];
if (absoluteExpirationTicks.HasValue absoluteExpirationTicks.Value != NotPresent)
{
absoluteExpiration = new DateTimeOffset(absoluteExpirationTicks.Value, TimeSpan.Zero);
}
var slidingExpirationTicks = (long?)results[1];
if (slidingExpirationTicks.HasValue slidingExpirationTicks.Value != NotPresent)
{
slidingExpiration = new TimeSpan(slidingExpirationTicks.Value);
}
}
private void Refresh(string key, DateTimeOffset? absExpr, TimeSpan? sldExpr)
{
// Note Refresh has no effect if there is just an absolute expiration (or neither).
TimeSpan? expr = null;
if (sldExpr.HasValue)
{
if (absExpr.HasValue)
{
var relExpr = absExpr.Value - DateTimeOffset.Now;
expr = relExpr = sldExpr.Value ? relExpr : sldExpr;
}
else
{
expr = sldExpr;
}
_cache.KeyExpire(_instance + key, expr);
// TODO: Error handling
}
}
public void Remove(string key)
{
Connect();
_cache.KeyDelete(_instance + key);
// TODO: Error handling
}
}
}
在上述代碼中,我們使用了自定義類RedisCacheOptions
作為Redis的配置信息類,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)基于POCO的配置定義,我們還繼承了IOptions
接口,該類的定義如下:
public class RedisCacheOptions : IOptionsRedisCacheOptions>
{
public string Configuration { get; set; }
public string InstanceName { get; set; }
RedisCacheOptions IOptionsRedisCacheOptions>.Options
{
get { return this; }
}
RedisCacheOptions IOptionsRedisCacheOptions>.GetNamedOptions(string name)
{
return this;
}
}
第三部,定義委托調(diào)用時(shí)使用的緩存上下文類CacheContext
,具體代碼如下:
using Microsoft.Framework.Cache.Distributed;
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace Microsoft.Framework.Caching.Redis
{
internal class CacheContext : ICacheContext
{
private readonly MemoryStream _data = new MemoryStream();
internal CacheContext(string key)
{
Key = key;
CreationTime = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;
}
/// summary>
/// The key identifying this entry.
/// /summary>
public string Key { get; internal set; }
/// summary>
/// The state passed into Set. This can be used to avoid closures.
/// /summary>
public object State { get; internal set; }
public Stream Data { get { return _data; } }
internal DateTimeOffset CreationTime { get; set; } // 可以讓委托設(shè)置創(chuàng)建時(shí)間
internal DateTimeOffset? AbsoluteExpiration { get; private set; }
internal TimeSpan? SlidingExpiration { get; private set; }
public void SetAbsoluteExpiration(TimeSpan relative) // 可以讓委托設(shè)置相對過期時(shí)間
{
if (relative = TimeSpan.Zero)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("relative", relative, "The relative expiration value must be positive.");
}
AbsoluteExpiration = CreationTime + relative;
}
public void SetAbsoluteExpiration(DateTimeOffset absolute) // 可以讓委托設(shè)置絕對過期時(shí)間
{
if (absolute = CreationTime)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("absolute", absolute, "The absolute expiration value must be in the future.");
}
AbsoluteExpiration = absolute.ToUniversalTime();
}
public void SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan offset) // 可以讓委托設(shè)置offset過期時(shí)間
{
if (offset = TimeSpan.Zero)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", offset, "The sliding expiration value must be positive.");
}
SlidingExpiration = offset;
}
internal long? GetExpirationInSeconds()
{
if (AbsoluteExpiration.HasValue SlidingExpiration.HasValue)
{
return (long)Math.Min((AbsoluteExpiration.Value - CreationTime).TotalSeconds, SlidingExpiration.Value.TotalSeconds);
}
else if (AbsoluteExpiration.HasValue)
{
return (long)(AbsoluteExpiration.Value - CreationTime).TotalSeconds;
}
else if (SlidingExpiration.HasValue)
{
return (long)SlidingExpiration.Value.TotalSeconds;
}
return null;
}
internal byte[] GetBytes()
{
return _data.ToArray();
}
}
}
最后一步定義,RedisCache
中需要的根據(jù)key鍵獲取緩存值的快捷方法,代碼如下:
using StackExchange.Redis;
using System;
namespace Microsoft.Framework.Caching.Redis
{
internal static class RedisExtensions
{
private const string HmGetScript = (@"return redis.call('HMGET', KEYS[1], unpack(ARGV))");
internal static RedisValue[] HashMemberGet(this IDatabase cache, string key, params string[] members)
{
var redisMembers = new RedisValue[members.Length];
for (int i = 0; i members.Length; i++)
{
redisMembers[i] = (RedisValue)members[i];
}
var result = cache.ScriptEvaluate(HmGetScript, new RedisKey[] { key }, redisMembers);
// TODO: Error checking?
return (RedisValue[])result;
}
}
}
至此,所有的工作就完成了,將該緩存實(shí)現(xiàn)注冊為Session的provider的代碼方法如下:
app.UseDistributedSession(new RedisCache(new RedisCacheOptions()
{
Configuration = "此處填寫 redis的地址",
InstanceName = "此處填寫自定義實(shí)例名"
}), options =>
{
options.CookieHttpOnly = true;
});
參考:http://www.mikesdotnetting.com/article/270/sessions-in-asp-net-5
關(guān)于Caching
默認(rèn)情況下,本地緩存使用的是IMemoryCache接口的示例,可以通過獲取該接口的示例來對本地緩存進(jìn)行操作,示例代碼如下:
var cache = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredServiceIMemoryCache>();
var obj1 = cache.Get("key1");
bool obj2 = cache.Getbool>("key2");
對于,分布式緩存,由于AddCaching,默認(rèn)將IMemoryCache實(shí)例作為分布式緩存的provider了,代碼如下:
public static class CachingServicesExtensions
{
public static IServiceCollection AddCaching(this IServiceCollection collection)
{
collection.AddOptions();
return collection.AddTransientIDistributedCache, LocalCache>()
.AddSingletonIMemoryCache, MemoryCache>();
}
}
所以,要使用新的分布式Caching實(shí)現(xiàn),我們需要注冊自己的實(shí)現(xiàn),代碼如下:
services.AddTransientIDistributedCache, RedisCache>();
services.ConfigureRedisCacheOptions>(opt =>
{
opt.Configuration = "此處填寫 redis的地址";
opt.InstanceName = "此處填寫自定義實(shí)例名";
});
基本的使用方法如下:
var cache = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredServiceIDistributedCache>();
cache.Connect();
var obj1 = cache.Get("key1"); //該對象是流,需要將其轉(zhuǎn)換為強(qiáng)類型,或自己再編寫擴(kuò)展方法
var bytes = obj1.ReadAllBytes();
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