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MySQL如何修改賬號(hào)的IP限制條件詳解

前言

最近在工作中遇到一個(gè)需求：修改MySQL用戶的權(quán)限，需要限制特定IP地址才能訪問(wèn)，第一次遇到這類需求，結(jié)果在測(cè)試過(guò)程，使用更新系統(tǒng)權(quán)限報(bào)發(fā)現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)了一些問(wèn)題，具體演示如下.

注意：下面測(cè)試環(huán)境為MySQL 5.6.20. 如有其它版本與下面測(cè)試結(jié)果有出入，請(qǐng)以實(shí)際環(huán)境為準(zhǔn)。

我們先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)測(cè)試用戶LimitIP，只允許192.168段的IP地址訪問(wèn)，具體權(quán)限如下所示：

mysql> GRANT SELECT ON MyDB.* TO LimitIP@'192.168.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'LimitIP';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> GRANT INSERT ,UPDATE,DELETE ON MyDB.kkk TO LimitIP@'192.168.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> 
 
mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.%';
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for LimitIP@192.168.%                     |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `MyDB`.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.%'                |
| GRANT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `MyDB`.`kkk` TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.%'           |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>

假設(shè)現(xiàn)在收到需求：這個(gè)用戶只允許這個(gè)IP地址192.168.103.17訪問(wèn)，于是我打算更新mysql.user表，如下所示：

mysql> select user, host from mysql.user where user='LimitIP';
+---------+-----------+
| user | host  |
+---------+-----------+
| LimitIP | 192.168.% |
+---------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> update mysql.user set host='192.168.103.17' where user='LimitIP';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> select user, host from user where user='LimitIP';
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
mysql> select user, host from user where user='LimitIP';
+---------+----------------+
| user | host   |
+---------+----------------+
| LimitIP | 192.168.103.17 |
+---------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.103.17';
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for LimitIP@192.168.103.17                     |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>

上面測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果這樣只修改mysql.user表，那么之前的權(quán)限沒(méi)有了，如下所示，如果你查詢mysql.db、 mysql.tables_priv 發(fā)現(xiàn)Host的字段值依然為192.168.%

mysql> select * from mysql.db where user='LimitIP'\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
     Host: 192.168.%
     Db: MyDB
     User: LimitIP
   Select_priv: Y
   Insert_priv: N
   Update_priv: N
   Delete_priv: N
   Create_priv: N
   Drop_priv: N
   Grant_priv: N
  References_priv: N
   Index_priv: N
   Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
  Lock_tables_priv: N
  Create_view_priv: N
  Show_view_priv: N
 Create_routine_priv: N
 Alter_routine_priv: N
   Execute_priv: N
   Event_priv: N
   Trigger_priv: N
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
ERROR: 
No query specified
 
mysql> select * from mysql.tables_priv where user='LimitIP'\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Host: 192.168.%
   Db: MyDB
  User: LimitIP
 Table_name: kkk
 Grantor: root@localhost
 Timestamp: 0000-00-00 00:00:00
 Table_priv: Insert,Update,Delete
Column_priv: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
ERROR: 
No query specified

所以我繼續(xù)修改 mysql.db、 mysql.tables_priv 表，然后測(cè)試驗(yàn)證終于OK了（請(qǐng)見下面測(cè)試步驟），當(dāng)然如果賬戶的權(quán)限不止這幾個(gè)層面，你可能還必須修改例如mysql.columns_priv、mysql.procs_priv等表

mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.%';
ERROR 1141 (42000): There is no such grant defined for user 'LimitIP' on host '192.168.%'
mysql> 
mysql> 
mysql> update mysql.db set host='192.168.103.17' where user='LimitIP';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
 
mysql> update mysql.tables_priv set host='192.168.103.17' where user='LimitIP';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.103.17';
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for LimitIP@192.168.103.17                     |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `MyDB`.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17'                |
| GRANT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `MyDB`.`kkk` TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17'           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>

如果需要修改用戶的IP限制，其實(shí)更新mysql相關(guān)權(quán)限表不是上上策，其實(shí)有更好的方法，那就是RENAME USER Syntax

mysql> RENAME USER 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show grants for 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18';
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for LimitIP@192.168.103.18                     |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `MyDB`.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18'                |
| GRANT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `MyDB`.`kkk` TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18'           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>

總結(jié)

以上就是這篇文章的全部?jī)?nèi)容了，希望本文的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作能帶來(lái)一定的幫助，如果有疑問(wèn)大家可以留言交流，謝謝大家對(duì)腳本之家的支持。

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MySQL如何修改賬號(hào)的IP限制條件詳解