1 bytes.Buffer定義
bytes.Buffer提供可擴(kuò)容的字節(jié)緩沖區(qū),實(shí)質(zhì)是對(duì)切片的封裝;結(jié)構(gòu)中包含一個(gè)64字節(jié)的小切片,避免小內(nèi)存分配:
// A Buffer is a variable-sized buffer of bytes with Read and Write methods.
// The zero value for Buffer is an empty buffer ready to use.
type Buffer struct {
buf []byte // contents are the bytes buf[off : len(buf)]
off int // read at buf[off], write at buf[len(buf)]--->指示讀指針
bootstrap [64]byte // memory to hold first slice; helps small buffers avoid allocation.
lastRead readOp // last read operation, so that Unread* can work correctly.
}
2 初始化bytes.Buffer的方法
1) var buf bytes.Buffer ->定義一個(gè)空的字節(jié)緩沖區(qū)
2) func NewBuffer(buf []byte) *Buffer { return Buffer{buf: buf} } -->將字節(jié)切片初始化為緩沖區(qū)
3) func NewBufferString(s string) *Buffer {return Buffer{buf: []byte(s)}} -->將字符串初始化為緩沖區(qū)
3 提供的主要API函數(shù)
1)寫(xiě)字節(jié)流數(shù)據(jù)到緩沖區(qū)
// Write appends the contents of p to the buffer, growing the buffer as
// needed. The return value n is the length of p; err is always nil. If the
// buffer becomes too large, Write will panic with ErrTooLarge.
func (b *Buffer) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
b.lastRead = opInvalid
m := b.grow(len(p))
return copy(b.buf[m:], p), nil
}
2)寫(xiě)字符串到緩沖區(qū)
// WriteString appends the contents of s to the buffer, growing the buffer as
// needed. The return value n is the length of s; err is always nil. If the
// buffer becomes too large, WriteString will panic with ErrTooLarge.
func (b *Buffer) WriteString(s string) (n int, err error) {
b.lastRead = opInvalid
//返回寫(xiě)入的index
m := b.grow(len(s))
return copy(b.buf[m:], s), nil
}
3)從緩沖區(qū)中讀取數(shù)據(jù)
// Read reads the next len(p) bytes from the buffer or until the buffer
// is drained. The return value n is the number of bytes read. If the
// buffer has no data to return, err is io.EOF (unless len(p) is zero);
// otherwise it is nil.
func (b *Buffer) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
b.lastRead = opInvalid
if b.off >= len(b.buf) {
// Buffer is empty, reset to recover space.
b.Truncate(0)
if len(p) == 0 {
return
}
return 0, io.EOF
}
n = copy(p, b.buf[b.off:])
b.off += n
if n > 0 {
b.lastRead = opRead
}
return
}
4)從緩沖區(qū)中讀取字符串,直到分隔符delim 位置
// ReadString reads until the first occurrence of delim in the input,
// returning a string containing the data up to and including the delimiter.
// If ReadString encounters an error before finding a delimiter,
// it returns the data read before the error and the error itself (often io.EOF).
// ReadString returns err != nil if and only if the returned data does not end
// in delim.
func (b *Buffer) ReadString(delim byte) (line string, err error) {
slice, err := b.readSlice(delim)
return string(slice), err
}
5)將未被讀取的字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)返回
// Bytes returns a slice of length b.Len() holding the unread portion of the buffer.
// The slice is valid for use only until the next buffer modification (that is,
// only until the next call to a method like Read, Write, Reset, or Truncate).
// The slice aliases the buffer content at least until the next buffer modification,
// so immediate changes to the slice will affect the result of future reads.
func (b *Buffer) Bytes() []byte { return b.buf[b.off:] }
6)將未被讀取的字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)以字符串形式返回
// String returns the contents of the unread portion of the buffer
// as a string. If the Buffer is a nil pointer, it returns "nil>".
func (b *Buffer) String() string {
if b == nil {
// Special case, useful in debugging.
return "nil>"
}
return string(b.buf[b.off:])
}
7)返回緩沖區(qū)當(dāng)前容量
// Cap returns the capacity of the buffer's underlying byte slice, that is, the
// total space allocated for the buffer's data.
func (b *Buffer) Cap() int { return cap(b.buf) }
8)返回未被讀取的字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)大小
// Len returns the number of bytes of the unread portion of the buffer;
// b.Len() == len(b.Bytes()).
func (b *Buffer) Len() int { return len(b.buf) - b.off }
4 bytes.Buffer自動(dòng)擴(kuò)容機(jī)制
當(dāng)向緩沖區(qū)寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),首先會(huì)檢查當(dāng)前容量是否滿足需求,如果不滿足分三種情況處理:
1)當(dāng)前內(nèi)置緩沖區(qū)切片buf為空,且寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)量小于bootstrap的大小(64字節(jié)),則bootstrap作為buf
2)當(dāng)前未讀數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度+新寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度小于等于緩沖區(qū)容量的1/2,則挪動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)(將未讀的數(shù)據(jù)放到已讀數(shù)據(jù)位置)
3)以上條件不滿足,只能重新分配切片,容量設(shè)定為2*cap(b.buf) + n,即兩倍原來(lái)的緩沖區(qū)容量+寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)量大小
// grow grows the buffer to guarantee space for n more bytes.
// It returns the index where bytes should be written.
// If the buffer can't grow it will panic with ErrTooLarge.
func (b *Buffer) grow(n int) int {
m := b.Len()
// If buffer is empty, reset to recover space.
if m == 0 b.off != 0 {
b.Truncate(0)
}
//如果需要的容量大于現(xiàn)在的容量--->
if len(b.buf)+n > cap(b.buf) {
var buf []byte
//現(xiàn)有的預(yù)備64byte可以滿足
if b.buf == nil n = len(b.bootstrap) {
buf = b.bootstrap[0:]
//實(shí)際需要的小于本身切片容量
} else if m+n = cap(b.buf)/2 {
// We can slide things down instead of allocating a new
// slice. We only need m+n = cap(b.buf) to slide, but
// we instead let capacity get twice as large so we
// don't spend all our time copying.
copy(b.buf[:], b.buf[b.off:])
buf = b.buf[:m]
} else {
// not enough space anywhere
//不夠,那就分配2倍加n的容量
buf = makeSlice(2*cap(b.buf) + n)
copy(buf, b.buf[b.off:])
}
b.buf = buf
b.off = 0
}
b.buf = b.buf[0 : b.off+m+n]
return b.off + m
}
5 bytes.Buffer的局限
bytes.Buffer提供了對(duì)切片的初步封裝,但也沒(méi)做太多的事;對(duì)于已讀的數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)法操作。
補(bǔ)充:Golang bytes.Buffer 用法精述
1.簡(jiǎn)介
bytes.Buffer 是 Golang 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)中的緩沖區(qū),具有讀寫(xiě)方法和可變大小的字節(jié)存儲(chǔ)功能。緩沖區(qū)的零值是一個(gè)待使用的空緩沖區(qū)。
定義如下:
type Buffer struct {
buf []byte // contents are the bytes buf[off : len(buf)]
off int // read at buf[off], write at buf[len(buf)]
lastRead readOp // last read operation, so that Unread* can work correctly.
}
注意要點(diǎn):
(1)從 bytes.Buffer 讀取數(shù)據(jù)后,被成功讀取的數(shù)據(jù)仍保留在原緩沖區(qū),只是無(wú)法被使用,因?yàn)榫彌_區(qū)的可見(jiàn)數(shù)據(jù)從偏移 off 開(kāi)始,即buf[off : len(buf)]。
2.常用方法
(1)聲明一個(gè) Buffer
var b bytes.Buffer //直接定義一個(gè)Buffer變量,不用初始化,可以直接使用
b := new(bytes.Buffer) //使用New返回Buffer變量
b := bytes.NewBuffer(s []byte) //從一個(gè)[]byte切片,構(gòu)造一個(gè)Buffer
b := bytes.NewBufferString(s string) //從一個(gè)string變量,構(gòu)造一個(gè)Buffer
(2)往 Buffer 中寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)
b.Write(d []byte) (n int, err error) //將切片d寫(xiě)入Buffer尾部
b.WriteString(s string) (n int, err error) //將字符串s寫(xiě)入Buffer尾部
b.WriteByte(c byte) error //將字符c寫(xiě)入Buffer尾部
b.WriteRune(r rune) (n int, err error) //將一個(gè)rune類型的數(shù)據(jù)放到緩沖區(qū)的尾部
b.ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (n int64, err error) //從實(shí)現(xiàn)了io.Reader接口的可讀取對(duì)象寫(xiě)入Buffer尾部
(3)從 Buffer 中讀取數(shù)據(jù)
//讀取 n 個(gè)字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)并返回,如果 buffer 不足 n 字節(jié),則讀取全部
b.Next(n int) []byte
//一次讀取 len(p) 個(gè) byte 到 p 中,每次讀取新的內(nèi)容將覆蓋p中原來(lái)的內(nèi)容。成功返回實(shí)際讀取的字節(jié)數(shù),off 向后偏移 n,buffer 沒(méi)有數(shù)據(jù)返回錯(cuò)誤 io.EOF
b.Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
//讀取第一個(gè)byte并返回,off 向后偏移 n
b.ReadByte() (byte, error)
//讀取第一個(gè) UTF8 編碼的字符并返回該字符和該字符的字節(jié)數(shù),b的第1個(gè)rune被拿掉。如果buffer為空,返回錯(cuò)誤 io.EOF,如果不是UTF8編碼的字符,則消費(fèi)一個(gè)字節(jié),返回 (U+FFFD,1,nil)
b.ReadRune() (r rune, size int, err error)
//讀取緩沖區(qū)第一個(gè)分隔符前面的內(nèi)容以及分隔符并返回,緩沖區(qū)會(huì)清空讀取的內(nèi)容。如果沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)分隔符,則返回讀取的內(nèi)容并返回錯(cuò)誤io.EOF
b.ReadBytes(delimiter byte) (line []byte, err error)
//讀取緩沖區(qū)第一個(gè)分隔符前面的內(nèi)容以及分隔符并作為字符串返回,緩沖區(qū)會(huì)清空讀取的內(nèi)容。如果沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)分隔符,則返回讀取的內(nèi)容并返回錯(cuò)誤 io.EOF
b.ReadString(delimiter byte) (line string, err error)
//將 Buffer 中的內(nèi)容輸出到實(shí)現(xiàn)了 io.Writer 接口的可寫(xiě)入對(duì)象中,成功返回寫(xiě)入的字節(jié)數(shù),失敗返回錯(cuò)誤
b.WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error)
(4)其它操作
b.Bytes() []byte //返回字節(jié)切片
b.Cap() int //返回 buffer 內(nèi)部字節(jié)切片的容量
b.Grow(n int) //為 buffer 內(nèi)部字節(jié)切片的容量增加 n 字節(jié)
b.Len() int //返回緩沖區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度,等于 len(b.Bytes())
b.Reset() //清空數(shù)據(jù)
b.String() string //字符串化
b.Truncate(n int) //丟棄緩沖區(qū)中除前n個(gè)未讀字節(jié)以外的所有字節(jié)。如果 n 為負(fù)數(shù)或大于緩沖區(qū)長(zhǎng)度,則引發(fā) panic
b.UnreadByte() error //將最后一次讀取操作中被成功讀取的字節(jié)設(shè)為未被讀取的狀態(tài),即將已讀取的偏移 off 減 1
b.UnreadRune() error //將最后一次 ReadRune() 讀取操作返回的 UTF8 字符 rune設(shè)為未被讀取的狀態(tài),即將已讀取的偏移 off 減去 字符 rune 的字節(jié)數(shù)
3.使用示例
(1)從文件 test.txt 中讀取全部?jī)?nèi)容追加到 buffer 尾部
test.txt 的內(nèi)容為:
具體實(shí)現(xiàn):
package main
import (
"os"
"fmt"
"bytes"
)
func main() {
file, _ := os.Open("./test.txt")
buf := bytes.NewBufferString("Hello world ")
buf.ReadFrom(file) //將text.txt內(nèi)容追加到緩沖器的尾部
fmt.Println(buf.String())
}
編譯運(yùn)行輸出:
Hello world My name is dablelv
以上為個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn),希望能給大家一個(gè)參考,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。如有錯(cuò)誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教。
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