背景描述
如下圖所示,負(fù)載均衡做為反向代理,將請(qǐng)求方的請(qǐng)求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)至后端的服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)服務(wù)的請(qǐng)求。
在nginx中可以通過(guò)upstream配置server時(shí),設(shè)置weight表示對(duì)應(yīng)server的權(quán)重。
若存在多個(gè)服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)時(shí),負(fù)載均衡如何通過(guò)服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)的權(quán)重進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。
如下詳細(xì)說(shuō)明權(quán)重轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)算法的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
用三個(gè)后端服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)為例說(shuō)明
設(shè)置三個(gè)后端服務(wù)ServerA,ServerB和ServerC,它們的權(quán)重分布是 5,3,1
按照加權(quán)負(fù)載均衡算法,在一輪(5+3+1=9次)中ServerA占5次,ServerB占3次,ServerC占1次,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)均衡。
如下圖所示:
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)功能,可以給每一個(gè)后端設(shè)置對(duì)應(yīng)的權(quán)重5,3,1
變量1:后端服務(wù)的權(quán)重 Weight
變量2:均衡器累計(jì)的總的有效權(quán)重EffectiveWeight
變量3:實(shí)時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)后端服務(wù)的當(dāng)前權(quán)重 CurrentWeight
算法設(shè)計(jì)
第一步,向均衡器中增加后端服務(wù)標(biāo)識(shí)
- 將三個(gè)后端服務(wù)標(biāo)識(shí)和權(quán)重Weight增加到負(fù)載均衡器列表中。
- 每次增加后端服務(wù)時(shí),累計(jì)總的有效權(quán)重EffectiveWeight。
第二步,每次獲取一個(gè)后端服務(wù)標(biāo)識(shí)
- 對(duì)均衡器中的所有后端服務(wù)增加自己的權(quán)重Weight,即(5,3,1),計(jì)算ABC三個(gè)服務(wù)的當(dāng)前權(quán)重。
- 選擇當(dāng)前權(quán)重CurrentWeight最大的服務(wù),做為本次期望的后端服務(wù)。
- 將期望的后端服務(wù)的當(dāng)前權(quán)重CurrentWeight減小總的權(quán)重EffectiveWeight,供下一輪使用。
如下是一個(gè)一輪(5+3+1=9次)獲取的權(quán)重變化表:
從這個(gè)表中可以看到后端服務(wù)輪詢的順序是 A B A C A B A B A,其中A出現(xiàn)了5次,B出現(xiàn)了3次,C出現(xiàn)了1次,滿足三個(gè)服務(wù)的權(quán)重Weight設(shè)置。
完成9次獲取后,ABC三個(gè)服務(wù)的權(quán)重都?xì)w0,因此下一輪的9次獲取也是均衡的,
算法實(shí)現(xiàn)
按照如上算法說(shuō)明,使用Golang實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)算法如下
package weightroundrobin
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
// 每一個(gè)后端服務(wù)定義
type BackendServer struct {
// 實(shí)例權(quán)重
Weight int
// 當(dāng)前的權(quán)重,初始為Weight
currentWeight int
// 后端服務(wù)名稱
ServerName string
}
// 通過(guò)權(quán)重實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)用輪詢的定義
type WeightServerRoundRobin struct {
// 所有有效的權(quán)重總和
effectiveWeight int
// 后端服務(wù)列表
backendServerList []*BackendServer
}
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)負(fù)載輪詢器
func NewWeightServerRoundRobin() *WeightServerRoundRobin {
return WeightServerRoundRobin{
effectiveWeight: 0,
}
}
// 增加后端服務(wù)名稱和權(quán)重
func (r *WeightServerRoundRobin) AddBackendServer(backendServer *BackendServer) {
r.effectiveWeight += backendServer.Weight
r.backendServerList = append(r.backendServerList, backendServer)
}
// 更具權(quán)重獲取一個(gè)后端服務(wù)名稱
func (r *WeightServerRoundRobin) GetBackendServer() *BackendServer {
var expectBackendServer *BackendServer
for _, backendServer := range r.backendServerList {
// 給每個(gè)后端服務(wù)增加自身權(quán)重
backendServer.currentWeight += backendServer.Weight
if expectBackendServer == nil {
expectBackendServer = backendServer
}
if backendServer.currentWeight > expectBackendServer.currentWeight {
expectBackendServer = backendServer
}
}
r.VisitBackendServerCurrentWeight()
// 把選擇的后端服務(wù)權(quán)重減掉總權(quán)重
expectBackendServer.currentWeight -= r.effectiveWeight
return expectBackendServer
}
// 打印后端服務(wù)的當(dāng)前權(quán)重變化
func (r *WeightServerRoundRobin) VisitBackendServerCurrentWeight() {
var serverListForLog []string
for _, backendServer := range r.backendServerList {
serverListForLog = append(serverListForLog,
fmt.Sprintf("%v", backendServer.currentWeight))
}
fmt.Printf("(%v)\n", strings.Join(serverListForLog, ", "))
}
寫一個(gè)單測(cè)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證
package weightroundrobin
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
)
func TestNewWeightServerRoundRobin(t *testing.T) {
weightServerRoundRobin := NewWeightServerRoundRobin()
weightServerRoundRobin.AddBackendServer(BackendServer{
ServerName: "ServerA",
Weight: 5,
})
weightServerRoundRobin.AddBackendServer(BackendServer{
ServerName: "ServerB",
Weight: 3,
})
weightServerRoundRobin.AddBackendServer(BackendServer{
ServerName: "ServerC",
Weight: 1,
})
expectServerNameList := []string{
"ServerA", "ServerB", "ServerA", "ServerC", "ServerA", "ServerB", "ServerA", "ServerB", "ServerA",
//"ServerA", "ServerB", "ServerA", "ServerC", "ServerA", "ServerB", "ServerA", "ServerB", "ServerA",
}
fmt.Printf("(A, B, C)\n")
for ii, expectServerName := range expectServerNameList {
weightServerRoundRobin.VisitBackendServerCurrentWeight()
backendServer := weightServerRoundRobin.GetBackendServer()
if backendServer.ServerName != expectServerName {
t.Errorf("%v.%v.expect:%v, actual:%v", t.Name(), ii, expectServerName, backendServer.ServerName)
return
}
}
}
運(yùn)行單元測(cè)試,觀察運(yùn)行結(jié)果是否符合算法設(shè)計(jì)的預(yù)期
=== RUN TestNewWeightServerRoundRobin
(A, B, C)
(0, 0, 0)
(5, 3, 1)
(-4, 3, 1)
(1, 6, 2)
(1, -3, 2)
(6, 0, 3)
(-3, 0, 3)
(2, 3, 4)
(2, 3, -5)
(7, 6, -4)
(-2, 6, -4)
(3, 9, -3)
(3, 0, -3)
(8, 3, -2)
(-1, 3, -2)
(4, 6, -1)
(4, -3, -1)
(9, 0, 0)
--- PASS: TestNewWeightServerRoundRobin (0.00s)
PASS
參考材料:
https://github.com/phusion/nginx/commit/27e94984486058d73157038f7950a0a36ecc6e35
到此這篇關(guān)于使用Golang實(shí)現(xiàn)加權(quán)負(fù)載均衡算法的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Golang負(fù)載均衡算法內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
您可能感興趣的文章:- Golang實(shí)現(xiàn)四種負(fù)載均衡的算法(隨機(jī),輪詢等)
- golang grpc 負(fù)載均衡的方法