搶購、秒殺是如今很常見的一個應(yīng)用場景,主要需要解決的問題有兩個:
1 高并發(fā)對數(shù)據(jù)庫產(chǎn)生的壓力
2 競爭狀態(tài)下如何解決庫存的正確減少("超賣"問題)
對于第一個問題,已經(jīng)很容易想到用緩存來處理搶購,避免直接操作數(shù)據(jù)庫,例如使用Redis。
重點(diǎn)在于第二個問題
常規(guī)寫法:
查詢出對應(yīng)商品的庫存,看是否大于0,然后執(zhí)行生成訂單等操作,但是在判斷庫存是否大于0處,如果在高并發(fā)下就會有問題,導(dǎo)致庫存量出現(xiàn)負(fù)數(shù)
?php
$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){
echo "connect failed";
exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
$price=10;
$user_id=1;
$goods_id=1;
$sku_id=11;
$number=1;
//生成唯一訂單
function build_order_no(){
return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日志
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
global $conn;
$sql="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values('$event','$type')";
mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
//模擬下單操作
//庫存是否大于0
$sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'";//解鎖 此時ih_store數(shù)據(jù)中g(shù)oods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' 的數(shù)據(jù)被鎖住(注3),其它事務(wù)必須等待此次事務(wù) 提交后才能執(zhí)行
$rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if($row['number']>0){//高并發(fā)下會導(dǎo)致超賣
$order_sn=build_order_no();
//生成訂單
$sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')";
$order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
//庫存減少
$sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
$store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
if(mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog('庫存減少成功');
}else{
insertLog('庫存減少失敗');
}
}else{
insertLog('庫存不夠');
}
?>
優(yōu)化方案1:將庫存字段number字段設(shè)為unsigned,當(dāng)庫存為0時,因為字段不能為負(fù)數(shù),將會返回false
//庫存減少
$sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id' and number>0";
$store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
if(mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog('庫存減少成功');
}
優(yōu)化方案2:使用MySQL的事務(wù),鎖住操作的行
?php
$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){
echo "connect failed";
exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
$price=10;
$user_id=1;
$goods_id=1;
$sku_id=11;
$number=1;
//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日志
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
global $conn;
$sql="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values('$event','$type')";
mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
//模擬下單操作
//庫存是否大于0
mysql_query("BEGIN"); //開始事務(wù)
$sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' FOR UPDATE";//此時這條記錄被鎖住,其它事務(wù)必須等待此次事務(wù)提交后才能執(zhí)行
$rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if($row['number']>0){
//生成訂單
$order_sn=build_order_no();
$sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')";
$order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
//庫存減少
$sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
$store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
if(mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog('庫存減少成功');
mysql_query("COMMIT");//事務(wù)提交即解鎖
}else{
insertLog('庫存減少失敗');
}
}else{
insertLog('庫存不夠');
mysql_query("ROLLBACK");
}
?>
優(yōu)化方案3:使用非阻塞的文件排他鎖
?php
$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","root","123456");
if(!$conn){
echo "connect failed";
exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big-bak",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
$price=10;
$user_id=1;
$goods_id=1;
$sku_id=11;
$number=1;
//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日志
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
global $conn;
$sql="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values('$event','$type')";
mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
$fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+");
if(!flock($fp,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)){
echo "系統(tǒng)繁忙,請稍后再試";
return;
}
//下單
$sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'";
$rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if($row['number']>0){//庫存是否大于0
//模擬下單操作
$order_sn=build_order_no();
$sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')";
$order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
//庫存減少
$sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
$store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
if(mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog('庫存減少成功');
flock($fp,LOCK_UN);//釋放鎖
}else{
insertLog('庫存減少失敗');
}
}else{
insertLog('庫存不夠');
}
fclose($fp);
優(yōu)化方案4:使用redis隊列,因為pop操作是原子的,即使有很多用戶同時到達(dá),也是依次執(zhí)行,推薦使用(mysql事務(wù)在高并發(fā)下性能下降很厲害,文件鎖的方式也是)
先將商品庫存如隊列
?php
$store=1000;
$redis=new Redis();
$result=$redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379);
$res=$redis->llen('goods_store');
echo $res;
$count=$store-$res;
for($i=0;$i$count;$i++){
$redis->lpush('goods_store',1);
}
echo $redis->llen('goods_store');
?>
搶購、描述邏輯
?php
$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){
echo "connect failed";
exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");
$price=10;
$user_id=1;
$goods_id=1;
$sku_id=11;
$number=1;
//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日志
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
global $conn;
$sql="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values('$event','$type')";
mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}
//模擬下單操作
//下單前判斷redis隊列庫存量
$redis=new Redis();
$result=$redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379);
$count=$redis->lpop('goods_store');
if(!$count){
insertLog('error:no store redis');
return;
}
//生成訂單
$order_sn=build_order_no();
$sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')";
$order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
//庫存減少
$sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
$store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
if(mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog('庫存減少成功');
}else{
insertLog('庫存減少失敗');
}
模擬5000高并發(fā)測試
webbench -c 5000 -t 60 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
ab -r -n 6000 -c 5000 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
上述只是簡單模擬高并發(fā)下的搶購,真實場景要比這復(fù)雜很多,很多注意的地方
如搶購頁面做成靜態(tài)的,通過ajax調(diào)用接口
再如上面的會導(dǎo)致一個用戶搶多個,思路:
需要一個排隊隊列和搶購結(jié)果隊列及庫存隊列。高并發(fā)情況,先將用戶進(jìn)入排隊隊列,用一個線程循環(huán)處理從排隊隊列取出一個用戶,判斷用戶是否已在搶購結(jié)果隊列,如果在,則已搶購,否則未搶購,庫存減1,寫數(shù)據(jù)庫,將用戶入結(jié)果隊列。
測試數(shù)據(jù)表
--
-- 數(shù)據(jù)庫: `big`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的結(jié)構(gòu) `ih_goods`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_goods` (
`goods_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`cat_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`goods_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;
--
-- 轉(zhuǎn)存表中的數(shù)據(jù) `ih_goods`
--
INSERT INTO `ih_goods` (`goods_id`, `cat_id`, `goods_name`) VALUES
(1, 0, '小米手機(jī)');
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的結(jié)構(gòu) `ih_log`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_log` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`event` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
--
-- 轉(zhuǎn)存表中的數(shù)據(jù) `ih_log`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的結(jié)構(gòu) `ih_order`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_order` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`order_sn` char(32) NOT NULL,
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`status` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`price` float NOT NULL,
`addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='訂單表' AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
--
-- 轉(zhuǎn)存表中的數(shù)據(jù) `ih_order`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的結(jié)構(gòu) `ih_store`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_store` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`sku_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`number` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`freez` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '虛擬庫存',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='庫存' AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;
--
-- 轉(zhuǎn)存表中的數(shù)據(jù) `ih_store`
--
INSERT INTO `ih_store` (`id`, `goods_id`, `sku_id`, `number`, `freez`) VALUES
(1, 1, 11, 500, 0);
以上就是小編為大家?guī)淼膒hp結(jié)合redis實現(xiàn)高并發(fā)下的搶購、秒殺功能的實例全部內(nèi)容了,希望大家多多支持腳本之家~
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