一。查詢篇 1.查詢oracle表空間的使用情況 select b.file_id 文件ID, b.tablespace_name 表空間, b.file_name 物理文件名, b.bytes 總字節(jié)數(shù), (b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) 已使用, sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) 剩余, sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 剩余百分比 from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b where a.file_id=b.file_id group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes order by b.tablespace_name 2.查詢oracle系統(tǒng)用戶的默認表空間和臨時表空間 select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users 3.查詢單張表的使用情況 select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where segment_name = 'RE_STDEVT_FACT_DAY' and owner = USER RE_STDEVT_FACT_DAY是您要查詢的表名稱 4.查詢所有用戶表使用大小的前三十名 select * from (select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where owner = USER order by bytes desc ) where rownum = 30 5.查詢當前用戶默認表空間的使用情況 select tablespacename,sum(totalContent),sum(usecontent),sum(sparecontent),avg(sparepercent) from ( SELECT b.file_id as id,b.tablespace_name as tablespacename,b.bytes as totalContent,(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) as usecontent,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) as sparecontent,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 as sparepercent FROM dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b WHERE a.file_id=b.file_id and b.tablespace_name = (select default_tablespace from dba_users where username = user) group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes ) GROUP BY tablespacename 6.查詢用戶表空間的表 select * from user_tables ================================================================================== 一、建立表空間 CREATE TABLESPACE test DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' SIZE 50M UNIFORM SIZE 1M; #指定區(qū)尺寸為128k,如不指定，區(qū)尺寸默認為64k 或 CREATE TABLESPACE test DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' SIZE 50M MINIMUM EXTENT 50K EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DEFAULT STORAGE (INITIAL 50K NEXT 50K MAXEXTENTS 100 PCTINCREASE 0); 可從dba_tablespaces中查看剛創(chuàng)建的表空間的信息 二、建立UNDO表空間 CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE test_undo DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test_undo.dbf' SIZE 50M UNDO表空間的EXTENT是由本地管理的，而且在創(chuàng)建時的SQL語句中只能使用DATAFILE和EXTENT MANAGEMENT子句。 ORACLE規(guī)定在任何時刻只能將一個還原表空間賦予數(shù)據(jù)庫，即在一個實例中可以有多個還原表空間存在，但只能有一個為活動的。可以使用ALTER SYSTEM命令進行還原表空間的切換。 SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_TABLESPACE = test_undo; 三、建立臨時表空間 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE test_temp TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/test_temp.dbf' SIZE 50M 查看系統(tǒng)當前默認的臨時表空間 select * from dba_properties where property_name like 'DEFAULT%' 改變系統(tǒng)默認臨時表空間 alter database default temporary tablespace test_temp; 四、改變表空間狀態(tài) 1.使表空間脫機 ALTER TABLESPACE test OFFLINE; 如果是意外刪除了數(shù)據(jù)文件，則必須帶有RECOVER選項 ALTER TABLESPACE game test FOR RECOVER; 2.使表空間聯(lián)機 ALTER TABLESPACE test ONLINE; 3.使數(shù)據(jù)文件脫機 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE; 4.使數(shù)據(jù)文件聯(lián)機 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE; 5.使表空間只讀 ALTER TABLESPACE test READ ONLY; 6.使表空間可讀寫 ALTER TABLESPACE test READ WRITE; 五、刪除表空間 DROP TABLESPACE test INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS; DROP TABLESPACE 表空間名 [INCL ING CONTENTS [AND DATAFILES] [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS]] 1. INCL ING CONTENTS 子句用來刪除段 2. AND DATAFILES 子句用來刪除數(shù)據(jù)文件 3. CASCADE CONSTRAINTS 子句用來刪除所有的引用完整性約束
六、擴展表空間 首先查看表空間的名字和所屬文件 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; 1.增加數(shù)據(jù)文件 ALTER TABLESPACE test ADD DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/test02.dbf' SIZE 1000M; 2.手動增加數(shù)據(jù)文件尺寸 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' RESIZE 100M; 3.設定數(shù)據(jù)文件自動擴展 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE 200M; 設定后可從dba_tablespace中查看表空間信息，從v$datafile中查看對應的數(shù)據(jù)文件信息 ================================================================================== create tablespace scgl datafile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\scgl2.dbf' size 50m autoextend on next 50m maxsize 20480m extent management local; create tablespace test_data logging datafile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\user_data.dbf' size 50m autoextend on next 50m maxsize 20480m extent management local; create user scgl identified by qwer1234 default tablespace scgl temporary tablespace scgl_temp; tempfile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\user_temp.dbf' create temporary tablespace scgl_temp tempfile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\scgl_temp.dbf' size 50m autoextend on next 50m maxsize 20480m extent management local; grant connect,resource, dba to scgl; oracle創(chuàng)建表空間 SYS用戶在CMD下以DBA身份登陸： 在CMD中打sqlplus /nolog 然后再 conn / as sysdba //創(chuàng)建臨時表空間 create temporary tablespace user_temp tempfile 'D:\oracle\oradata\Oracle9i\user_temp.dbf' size 50m autoextend on next 50m maxsize 20480m extent management local; //創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表空間 create tablespace test_data logging datafile 'D:\oracle\oradata\Oracle9i\user_data.dbf' size 50m autoextend on next 50m maxsize 20480m extent management local; //創(chuàng)建用戶并指定表空間 create user username identified by password default tablespace user_data temporary tablespace user_temp; 查詢表空間使用情況 SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空間名", D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空間大小(M)", D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空間(M)", TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比", F.TOTAL_BYTES "空閑空間(M)", F.MAX_BYTES "最大塊(M)" FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES, ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F, (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME ORDER BY 1 查詢表空間的free space select tablespace_name, count(*) as extends, round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB, sum(blocks) as blocks from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; --查詢表空間的總容量 select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name; 查詢表空間使用率 select total.tablespace_name, round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB, round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB, round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) free, (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) total where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.建立表空間:create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10M uniform size 128k #指定區(qū)尺寸為128k ,塊大小為默認8K #大文件表空間 create bigfile tablespace big_tbs datafile '/u01/big_tbs.dbf ' size 100G 2.建非標準表show parameter db alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10M create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10M blocksize 2K uniform size 128k #常見錯誤 SQL> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2M; alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2M ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-00384: Insufficient memory to grow cache #解決 SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=400M scope=spfile; SQL> shutdown immediate; SQL> startup SQL> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10M; System altered. 3.查看區(qū)大小與塊大小#區(qū)大小 conn y / 123 create table t(i number) tablespace test; Insert into t values(10) select bytes/1024 from user_segments where segment_name=upper('t'); #塊大小 Show parameter block(默認64K) #非標準表空間的blocksize SQL> select * from v$dbfile; SQL> select name,block_size,status from v$datafile; SQL> select block_size from v$datafile where file#=14; 4.刪除表空間drop tablespace test including contents and datafiles 5.查表空間:#查數(shù)據(jù)文件 select * from v$dbfile; #所有表空間 select * from v$tablespace; #表空間的數(shù)據(jù)文件 select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files; 6.建立undo表空間create undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile '/u01/undotbs01.dbf' size 5M; #切換到新建的undo表空間 alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs01; 7.建立臨時表空間create temporary tablespace temp_data tempfile '/u01/temp.db' size 5M; create bigfile temporary tablespace bigtem tempfile '/u01/bigtemp.db' size 5M; 8.改變表空間狀態(tài) (0.)查看狀態(tài) #表空間狀態(tài) select tablespace_name,block_size,status from dba_tablespaces; #數(shù)據(jù)文件狀態(tài) select name,block_size,status from v$datafile; (1.)表空間脫機alter tablespace test offline #如果意外刪除了數(shù)據(jù)文件 alter tablespace test offline for recover (2.)表空間聯(lián)機alter tablespace test online (3.)數(shù)據(jù)文件脫機select * from v$dbfile; alter database datafile 3 offline (4.)數(shù)據(jù)文件聯(lián)機recover datafile 3; alter database datafile 3 online; (5.)使表空間只讀alter tablespace test read only (6.)使表空間可讀寫alter tablespace test read write; 9.擴展表空間#首先查看表空間的名字和所屬文件及空間 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; #三種擴展方法 1.alter tablespace test add datafile '/u01/test02.dbf' size 10M(自動加一個datafile) 2.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' resize 20M; 3.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' autoextend on next 10M maxsize 1G; #設定后查看表空間信息 select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes total,b.bytes used,c.bytes free,(b.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% used",(c.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% free" from sys.sm$ts_avail a,sys.sm$ts_used b,sys.sm$ts_free c where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name=c.tablespace_name; 10.移動表空間的數(shù)據(jù)文件 #先確定數(shù)據(jù)文件據(jù)在表空間 SQL>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files where file_name='/u01/test.dbf'; #open狀態(tài) SQL>alter tablespace test offline; SQL>host move /u01/test.dbf /u01/oracle/test.dbf; SQL>alter tablespace test rename datafile '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf'; SQL>alter tablespace test offline; #mount狀態(tài) SQL>shutdown immediate; SQL>startup mount SQL>host move /u01/test.dbf /u01/oracle/test.dbf; SQL>alter database rename file '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf'; 11.表空間和數(shù)據(jù)文件常用的數(shù)據(jù)字典與動態(tài)性能視圖v$dbfile v$datafile dba_segments user_segments dba_data_files v$tablespace dba_tablespaces user_tablespaces --查詢表空間使用情況 SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空間名", D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空間大小(M)", D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空間(M)", TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比", F.TOTAL_BYTES "空閑空間(M)", F.MAX_BYTES "最大塊(M)" FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES, ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F, (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME ORDER BY 1 --查詢表空間的free space select tablespace_name, count(*) as extends, round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB, sum(blocks) as blocks from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; --查詢表空間的總容量 select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name; --查詢表空間使用率 select total.tablespace_name, round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB, round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB, round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) free, (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) total where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name; //給用戶授予權限 grant connect,resource to username; //以后以該用戶登錄，創(chuàng)建的任何數(shù)據(jù)庫對象都屬于user_temp 和user_data表空間， 這就不用在每創(chuàng)建一個對象給其指定表空間了 撤權： revoke 權限... from 用戶名; 刪除用戶命令 drop user user_name cascade;
刪除表空間 DROP TABLESPACE data01 INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES; 一、建立表空間 CREATE TABLESPACE data01 DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/DATA01.dbf' SIZE 500M UNIFORM SIZE 128k; #指定區(qū)尺寸為128k,如不指定，區(qū)尺寸默認為64k 二、建立UNDO表空間 CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS02 DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/UNDOTBS02.dbf' SIZE 50M #注意：在OPEN狀態(tài)下某些時刻只能用一個UNDO表空間，如果要用新建的表空間，必須切換到該表空間: ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS02; 三、建立臨時表空間 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_data TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/TEMP_DATA.dbf' SIZE 50M 四、改變表空間狀態(tài) 1.使表空間脫機 ALTER TABLESPACE game OFFLINE; 如果是意外刪除了數(shù)據(jù)文件，則必須帶有RECOVER選項 ALTER TABLESPACE game OFFLINE FOR RECOVER; 2.使表空間聯(lián)機 ALTER TABLESPACE game ONLINE; 3.使數(shù)據(jù)文件脫機 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE; 4.使數(shù)據(jù)文件聯(lián)機 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE; 5.使表空間只讀 ALTER TABLESPACE game READ ONLY; 6.使表空間可讀寫 ALTER TABLESPACE game READ WRITE; 五、刪除表空間 DROP TABLESPACE data01 INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
六、擴展表空間 首先查看表空間的名字和所屬文件 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; 1.增加數(shù)據(jù)文件 ALTER TABLESPACE game ADD DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME02.dbf' SIZE 1000M; 2.手動增加數(shù)據(jù)文件尺寸 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME.dbf' RESIZE 4000M; 3.設定數(shù)據(jù)文件自動擴展 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME.dbf AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE 10000M;
設定后查看表空間信息 SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE, (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE" FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE
