概念
MMM(Master-Master replication managerfor Mysql，Mysql主主復(fù)制管理器)是一套靈活的腳本程序，基于perl實現(xiàn)，用來對mysql replication進(jìn)行監(jiān)控和故障遷移，并能管理mysql Master-Master復(fù)制的配置(同一時間只有一個節(jié)點是可寫的)。
MMM高可用架構(gòu)說明
- mmm_mond：監(jiān)控進(jìn)程，負(fù)責(zé)所有的監(jiān)控工作，決定和處理所有節(jié)點角色活動。此腳本需要在監(jiān)管機上運行。
- mmm_agentd：運行在每個mysql服務(wù)器上的代理進(jìn)程，完成監(jiān)控的探針工作和執(zhí)行簡單的遠(yuǎn)端服務(wù)設(shè)置。此腳本需要在被監(jiān)管機上運行。
- mmm_control：一個簡單的腳本，提供管理mmm_mond進(jìn)程的命令。
- mysql-mmm的監(jiān)管端會提供多個虛擬IP（VIP），包括一個可寫VIP，多個可讀VIP，通過監(jiān)管的管理，這些IP會綁定在可用mysql之上，當(dāng)某一臺mysql宕機時，監(jiān)管會將VIP遷移至其他mysql。在整個監(jiān)管過程中，需要在mysql中添加相關(guān)授權(quán)用戶，以便讓mysql可以支持監(jiān)理機的維護(hù)。授權(quán)的用戶包括一個mmm_monitor用戶和一個mmm_agent用戶。
MMM的優(yōu)缺點
優(yōu)點： 高可用性，擴展性好，出現(xiàn)故障自動切換，對于主主同步，在同一時間只提供一臺數(shù)據(jù)庫寫操作，保證的數(shù)據(jù)的一致性。
缺點： Monitor節(jié)點是單點，可以結(jié)合Keepalived實現(xiàn)高可用，對主機的數(shù)量有要求，需要實現(xiàn)讀寫分離，對程序來說是個挑戰(zhàn)。
實驗環(huán)境部署
第一步:在四臺服務(wù)器上都需要安裝MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫
1.配置ALI云源，然后安裝epel-release源
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all yum makecache
2.搭建本地yum源
#安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb
#關(guān)閉防火墻和安全功能
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
#開啟數(shù)據(jù)庫
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
3.修改ml主配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#刪除前9行，添加以下內(nèi)容
[mysqld]
log_error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err #錯誤日志的文件位置
log=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log #訪問日志的文件位置
log_slow_queries=/var/lib/mysql_slow_queris.log #man日志的文件位置
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema #mysql,information_schema不生成二進(jìn)制日志文件
character_set_server=utf8 #字符集
log_bin=mysql_bin #二進(jìn)制日志文件功能開啟
server_id=1 #不同主機id不同
log_slave_updates=true #授權(quán)同步
sync_binlog=1 #二進(jìn)制日志文件功能開啟
auto_increment_increment=2 #自增量
auto_increment_offset=1 #起始值
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -natp | grep 3306
4.復(fù)制配置文件到其他三臺數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器,注意修改server_id
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.142.134:etc/
5.進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)庫,并查看日志文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
#查看記錄日志文件名稱和位置值
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 | 245| | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6.在m1和m2上互相授予訪問的權(quán)限,并授權(quán)同步日志
#在m1和m2上互相授予訪問的權(quán)限
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123456';
#在m1上指定m2的日志文件名和位置參數(shù)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.134',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;
#在m2上指定m1的日志文件名和位置參數(shù)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;
7.在m1上開啟同步功能
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
8.查看同步狀態(tài),兩臺主服務(wù)器都要看到Y(jié)es
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
9.在m1上創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫
MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;
10.在m2上查看同步數(shù)據(jù)庫
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
11.在兩臺從上做-注意日志文件和位置參數(shù)的改變（都指向m1)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;
12.開啟同步功能
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
#在從服務(wù)器上查看同步數(shù)據(jù)信息
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
13.在四臺服務(wù)器上安裝MMM相關(guān)軟件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*
14.配置mmm_common.conf配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
host default>
#修改網(wǎng)卡為ens33
cluster_interface ens33
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-agent.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/
replication_user replicantion
#修改授權(quán)密碼
replication_password 123456
agent_user mmm_agent
#修改代理授權(quán)密碼
agent_password 123456
/host>
#指定四臺服務(wù)器的角色與IP地址
host db1>
ip 192.168.142.131
mode master
peer db2
/host>
host db2>
ip 192.168.142.134
mode master
peer db1
/host>
host db3>
ip 192.168.142.130
mode slave
/host>
host db4>
ip 192.168.142.135
mode slave
/host>
#設(shè)定主服務(wù)器虛擬IP
role writer>
hosts db1, db2
ips 192.168.142.250
mode exclusive
/role>
#設(shè)定從服務(wù)器虛擬IP
role reader>
hosts db3, db4
ips 192.168.142.251, 192.168.142.252
mode balanced
/role>
15.從m1上面復(fù)制配置文件到其他三臺服務(wù)器
[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.134:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.130:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.135:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
第二步:配置monitor監(jiān)控服務(wù)器
1.安裝epel-release源以及MMM相關(guān)軟件
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all yum makecache
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*
2.從m1上面復(fù)制配置文件到監(jiān)控服務(wù)器
[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.134:/etc/mysql-mmm/
3.配置mmm_common.conf配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf
monitor>
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status
#指向四臺服務(wù)器的IP地址
ping_ips 192.168.142.131,192.168.142.134,192.168.142.130,192.168.142.135
auto_set_online 10
4.在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器上為mmm_agent授權(quán)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
5.在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器上為mmm_moniter授權(quán)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.18.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
6.刷新數(shù)據(jù)庫、在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器上設(shè)定代理名稱
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf #修改代理配置文件
#m1中默認(rèn)名稱
this db1
#m2中名稱
this db2
#s1中名稱
this db3
#s2中名稱
this db4
7.所有數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器上啟動代理功能并設(shè)定開機自啟動
#啟動代理功能
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service
#設(shè)置開機自啟動
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service
8.在monitor服務(wù)器開啟監(jiān)控服務(wù)、查看各節(jié)點的情況
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250)
db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.142.130) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.252)
db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251)
9、檢測所有服務(wù)器狀態(tài)
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control checks all
db4 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db4 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db4 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db4 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK: Backlog is null
db2 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db2 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db2 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db2 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null
db3 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db3 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db3 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db3 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null
db1 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db1 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db1 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db1 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null
第三、故障測試
1、模擬m1服務(wù)器宕機,停止服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
2.當(dāng)m1服務(wù)器宕機后,m2接收虛擬IP繼續(xù)提供服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250)
db3(192.168.142.130) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.252)
db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251)
3.當(dāng)s1服務(wù)器宕機后,s2接收虛擬IP繼續(xù)提供服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250)
db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.142.130) slave/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles:
db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251), reader(192.168.142.252
4.在m1服務(wù)器上為監(jiān)控服務(wù)器地址授權(quán)登錄
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.142.136' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
5.在監(jiān)控服務(wù)器上安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫客戶端
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb
6.在監(jiān)控服務(wù)器上使用指定用戶登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫,并創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)信息
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.142.250
Enter password:
#輸入密碼即可
#創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)據(jù)庫
MariaDB [(none)]> create database BDQN;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
7.在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫上都能查看及時同步到的數(shù)據(jù)信息
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; #查看數(shù)據(jù)庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| BDQN | #同步到的BDQN數(shù)據(jù)庫
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
到此MMM群集架構(gòu)已完成,謝謝閱讀!!!
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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